以手术治疗参与的综合治疗在Ⅱ~ⅢA期小细胞肺癌中的应用效果

目的比较以手术治疗参与的综合治疗、单纯放化疗对Ⅱ~ⅢA期小细胞肺癌患者的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2012年12月至2014年12月收治的50例小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料。根据治疗方式将50例患者分为观察组和对照组,每组25例。观察组采用以手术治疗参与的综合治疗,对照组采用单纯放化疗。比较两组患者的生存率。结果观察组患者的1、2、3及5年生存率分别为80.00%、60.00%、52.00%、32.00%,均高于对照组患者的52.00%、32.00%、24.00%、8.00%(P<0.05)。结论给予Ⅱ~ⅢA期小细胞肺癌患者以手术治疗参与的综合治疗,可以延长患者的生存时间,具有积极的临床价值。     

Estimated effectiveness of school closure and voluntary event cancellation as COVID-19 countermeasures in Japan

BackgroundAs countermeasures against the COVID-19 outbreak, sports and entertainment events were canceled (VEC) in Japan for two weeks from 26 February through 13 March. Moreover, most schools were closed (SC).ObjectiveFor this study, we estimated the basic reproduction number (R₀) and SC and VEC effects.MethodAfter constructing a susceptible–infected–recovered model with three age classes, we used data of symptomatic patients in Japan for 14 January through 24 March. The SC and VEC effects were incorporated into the model through changes in contact patterns and contact frequencies among age classes.ResultsResults suggest R₀ as 2.56, with 95% CI of [2.51, 2.96] before SC and VEC. The respective effects of SC and VEC were estimated as 0.4 (95% CI [0.3, 0.5]) and 0.5 (95% CI [0.3, 0.7]).ConclusionThe estimated R₀ is similar to those found from other studies of China and Japan. Significant reduction of contact frequency has been achieved by SC and VEC. Nevertheless, its magnitude was insufficient to contain the outbreak.     

Targeting autophagy in colorectal cancer: An update on pharmacological small-molecule compounds

Autophagy, an evolutionarily highly conserved cellular degradation process, plays the Janus role (either cytoprotective or death-promoting) in colorectal cancer, so the targeting of several key autophagic pathways with small-molecule compounds may be a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we discuss autophagy-associated cell death pathways and key cytoprotective autophagy pathways in colorectal cancer. Moreover, we summarize a series of small-molecule compounds that have the potential to modulate autophagy-associated cell death or cytoprotective autophagy for therapeutic purposes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the Janus role of autophagy in colorectal cancer, and shed new light on the exploitation of a growing number of small-molecule compounds to target autophagy in future cancer drug discovery.     

大班PBL教学法在医学生医院感染知识培训中的应用

目的研究以问题为导向(PBL)大班教学法(简称:大班PBL教学法)在医院感染岗前培训的应用及效果。方法以某医学院校2010级医学专业的学生为研究对象,随机分组,对照组和实验组各163名,对照组采用传统的讲授方法(LBL),实验组采用大班PBL教学法,课程结束后,对两组学生进行闭卷笔试考试,并对实验组进行问卷调查。结果理论考核:实验组成绩为(87.99±4.49)分,高于对照组的(81.98±5.73)分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。大班PBL教学法可以提高学生学习积极性,促使学生主动研究解决问题的方法,促进学生间的交流合作、学习与实践的联系。结论大班PBL教学法优于传统的教学方法,但在实施过程中要不断探索学生课前参与的考核制度。     

提高医用化学理论大课质量的教学实践和探索

理论大课能直接反映教师的教学水平和学生的学习质量。为了提高医学院校医用基础化学大课的教学质量，教师采取一系列措施和方法，从备课、上课、课后答疑、辅导、考试等各个环节入手，进行教学实践和探索，以期学生的成绩和能力有明显提高，经过多年的实践和探索，收到了良好的效果，达到了教学目的。     

Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) may have a negative effect on dendritic cell generation

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a serious worldwide health problem despite the use of protective HBV vaccines and therapeutic regimens against chronic HBV infection. Chronic HBV patients cannot induce sufficient immune responses against the virus. HBV and its antigens are believed to suppress immune responses during chronic infection. Hence, studying the role of HBV in immune suppression is very important for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies for HBV infections.     

多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术治疗高能量Pilon骨折

目的观察多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术辅助治疗高能量Pilon骨折的疗效。方法自2010-02—2013-04诊治高能量Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折22例,利用CT三维重建骨折的形态及关节面情况,术中采用关节镜辅助观察胫距关节面并协助复位,然后用多轴锁定钢板固定胫骨远端碎骨折块。通过分析末次随访的踝关节影像学形态测量结果和踝关节功能Mazur评分评定术后疗效。结果 22例均获得随访10~24个月,平均13.3个月。骨折均获得愈合,愈合时间7~19周,平均11.4周。1例出现皮肤坏死,行转移皮瓣修复,其余无深部感染、骨折不愈合、钢板外露等并发症。末次随访时均行踝关节CT检查,仅1例CT显示胫骨远端关节面欠平整,但暂无骨性关节炎表现。疗效根据踝关节功能Mazur评分评定:优(92分)15例,良(87~92分)4例,可(65~86分)3例。结论多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折具有手术创伤小、固定可靠、可早期功能锻炼、术后踝关节功能恢复好的优点。